Energy Sources

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C.1.AS5 Discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of the different energy sources in C.2 through to C.8.

C.1.IM1 The International Energy Agency is an autonomous organization based in Paris which works to ensure reliable, affordable and clean energy for its 28 member countries and beyond.

C.1.Aims4 Aim 8: Energy production has global economic and environmental dimensions. The choices made in this area have moral and ethical implications.

C.1.IM2 The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), based in Abu Dhabi, UAE, was founded in 2009 to promote increased adoption and sustainable use of renewable energy sources (bioenergy, geothermal energy, hydropower, ocean, solar and wind energy).

Sources and Flow

C.1.U1 A useful energy source releases energy at a reasonable rate and produces minimal pollution.

Energy Efficiency

C.1.U2 The quality of energy is degraded as heat is transferred to the surroundings. Energy and materials go from a concentrated into a dispersed form. The quantity of the energy available for doing work decreases.

C.1.AS4 Determination of the efficiency of an energy transfer process from appropriate data.

Sustainability

C.1.U3 Renewable energy sources are naturally replenished. Non-renewable energy sources are finite.

C.1.AS1 Discussion of the use of different sources of renewable and non-renewable energy.

Energy Densities

C.1.U4 Energy density = energy released from fuel / volume of fuel consumed.

C.1.U5 Specific energy = energy released from fuel / mass of fuel consumed.

C.1.U6 The efficiency of an energy transfer = useful output energy / total input energy x 100%

C.1.AS2 Determination of the energy density and specific energy of a fuel from the enthalpies of combustion, densities and the molar mass of fuel.

C.1.AS3 Discussion of how the choice of fuel is influenced by its energy density or specific energy.